Due to the castle's importance, it also maintained a significant military force, which under the rule of al-Mughith, contained at least 700 horsemen. Guillaume Rey was the first European researcher to scientifically study Crusader castles in the Holy Land. In the east, where the defences were weakest, there was an open cistern filled by an aqueduct. The publication of the Tentative Lists does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the World Heritage Centre or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries.

After the success of the First Crusade in capturing Jerusalem in 1099, many Crusaders donated their new property in the Levant to the Hospital of St John. More Contacts Site Map Become a member Donate Now!

By 1203 the garrison were making raids on Montferrand (which was under Muslim control) and Hama, and in 1207 and 1208 the castle's soldiers took part in an attack on Homs. [60], At the north end of the small courtyard is a chapel and at the southern end is an esplanade. [30] After the battle, the Hospitaller castles of Belmont, Belvoir, and Bethgibelin fell to Muslim armies. [5] Crat was probably the French version of Akrād, the word for Kurds. It was effectively the center of a principality which remained in Crusader hands until 1271 and was the only major inland area to remain constantly under Crusader control during this period. After the downfall of the king’s reign, the castle passed to Philip de Milly and later to Reynald of Châtillon. It was a flourishing city in the Hellenistic period in which the name was changed to "Apollonia" - Apollo being the equivalent of Reshef.

Deschamps and fellow architect François Anus attempted to clear some of the detritus; General Maurice Gamelin assigned 60 Alawite soldiers to help. [32], In the 1250s, the fortunes of the Hospitallers at Krak des Chevaliers took a turn for the worse.

The chapel was lit by windows above the cornice, one at the west end, one on either side of the east bay, and one on the south side of the central bay, and the apse at the east end had a large window. There are six crusader castles in Jordan which each played important roles during the Crusades. By 1263, Kerak was under the rule of the Mamluk Sultan Baybars. [66] The corridor made a hairpin turn halfway along its length, making it an example of a bent entrance. Apollonia-Arsuf presents a unique picture of continuous occupation from the Persian to the end of the Crusader periods.

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