The next step is the casting of the vote for vice president, which follows a similar pattern. AP GOVERNMENT REVIEW: THE PRESIDENCY Keegan McLean, Rick Hall, Elise Foster Period 5 15 Dec. 2016 An objection supported by at least one senator and one representative will be followed by the suspension of the joint session and by separate debates and votes in each House of Congress; after both Houses deliberate on the objection, the joint session is resumed.
Not sure what college you want to attend yet? [127], In 2013, a different version of the congressional district method was proposed in Virginia. Its goal is to divide the power of selection between Congress and the people and allow a balance between federal and state powers in keeping with federalism. [168] For example, an electoral vote represents nearly four times as many people in California as in Wyoming.
The short ballot was adopted by the various states at different times; it was adopted for use by North Carolina and Ohio in 1932. [186][187][188] A situation in which the winning candidate died has never happened. On September 8, 1970, the Senate commenced openly debating the proposal,[207] and the proposal was quickly filibustered.
[77] In those states, the winner of the popular vote in each of its congressional districts is awarded one elector, and the winner of the statewide vote is then awarded the state's remaining two electors.
The Electoral College decreases the advantage a political party or campaign might gain for encouraging voters to turn out, except in those swing states. "[42] In other words, the people did not place the name of a candidate for a president on the ballot. Choice of the president should reflect the "sense of the people" at a particular time, not the dictates of a faction in a "pre-established body" such as Congress or the State legislatures, and independent of the influence of "foreign powers". [154] Outcomes of this sort are attributable to the federal nature of the system. In a proportional system, electors would be selected in proportion to the votes cast for their candidate or party, rather than being selected by the statewide plurality vote. [75] If there is a tie, or if no candidate for either or both offices receives a majority, then choice falls to Congress in a procedure known as a contingent election. The president and vice president of the United States are elected by the Electoral College, which consists of 538 electors from the fifty states and Washington, D.C. Electors are selected state-by-state, as determined by the laws of each state.
If there are no objections or all objections are overruled, the presiding officer simply includes a state's votes, as declared in the certificate of vote, in the official tally. It was not until the early 19th century that the name "Electoral College" came into general usage as the collective designation for the electors selected to cast votes for president and vice president. "[167] Akhil and Vikram Amar added: The founders' system also encouraged the continued disfranchisement of women.
While faithless electors have never changed the outcome of any presidential election, there are two occasions where the vice presidential race outcome has been influenced by faithless electors: Some constitutional scholars argued that state restrictions would be struck down if challenged based on Article II and the Twelfth Amendment.
A state's number of electors equals the number of representatives plus two electors for the senators the state has in the United States Congress. 128 lessons However, commentators question the legitimacy of this national popular vote.
[clarification needed][53][failed verification], At the Constitutional Convention, the Electoral College was authorized by a majority of 49 votes for northern states in the process of abolishing slavery and 42 votes for slave-holding states (including Delaware). [211] Hamilton was also concerned about somebody unqualified but with a talent for "low intrigue, and the little arts of popularity" attaining high office.
The phrase was first written into federal law in 1845, and today the term appears in 3 U.S.C. Each state gets a minimum of three electoral votes, regardless of population, which gives low-population states a disproportionate number of electors per capita. Federal law (2 U.S.C. If any State shall exclude any of her adult male citizens from the elective franchise, or abridge that right, she shall forfeit her right to representation in the same proportion. Then Andrew Jackson won in 1828, but that second campaign would also have been lost if the count in the Electoral College were by citizen-only apportionment. In the general ticket, voters cast ballots for individuals running for presidential elector (while in the short ballot, voters cast ballots for an entire slate of electors).
For electoral colleges in general, see, Institution that officially elects the President and Vice President of the United States, Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, and media, Three-fifths clause and the role of slavery, Contingent presidential election by House, Contingent vice presidential election by Senate, Discouragement of turnout and participation, Obscuring disenfranchisement within states, Lack of enfranchisement of U.S. territories, Maintenance of the federal character of the nation, Enhancement of the status of minority groups, Encouragement of stability through the two-party system, Flexibility if a presidential candidate dies, This graphic demonstrates how the winner of the, These maps show the amount of attention given to each state by the.
Massachusetts, Virginia and Delaware used a district plan by popular vote, and state legislatures chose in the five other states participating in the election (Connecticut, Georgia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and South Carolina). by Washington Post, 2016. One view is the Electoral College violates the principle of political equality, since presidential elections are not decided by the one-person one-vote principle. Under the Electoral College, it is always possible that the winner of the popular vote will not be elected. The process Americans use to elect the president and vice president. [69] Likewise, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, a member of Adams' Federalist Party and himself a presidential candidate in 1800, hailed from South Carolina and was himself a slaveowner. Select a subject to preview related courses: This scenario happened in the 2000 presidential election. The Senate is limited to choosing from the two candidates who received the most electoral votes for vice president. [205] However, Nixon, while not reneging on his previous endorsement, chose not to make any further personal appeals to back the proposal.[206]. [48], By 1800, Virginia and Rhode Island voted at large; Kentucky, Maryland, and North Carolina voted popularly by district; and eleven states voted by state legislature. [189], Some supporters of the Electoral College note that it isolates the impact of any election fraud, or other such problems, to the state where it occurs. Though Bush was declared the winner of Florida's 25 electoral votes on election night, those votes were in dispute for several days while Florida conducted a ballot recount. [51] Currently, Maine (since 1972) and Nebraska (since 1996) use the district plan, with two at-large electors assigned to support the winner of the statewide popular vote. For instance, recounts occur only on a state-by-state basis, not nationwide. Ashley has a JD degree and is an attorney. About this quiz: All the questions on this quiz are based on information that can be found on the page at US Government - Electoral College. The electors are representatives of each state and members of the Electoral College.
The question of the extent to which state constitutions may constrain the legislature's choice of a method of choosing electors has been touched on in two U.S. Supreme Court cases.
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