Table 3[33] of the 3 January 2008 version of a working paper[34] from the London School of Economics/Free University of Brussels by Hix and Noury considered the positions of the groups in the Sixth Parliament (2004–2009) by analysing their roll-call votes. The political groups in the European Parliament are not identical to European political parties. Under the European Parliament’s rules of procedure, a political group is made up of a minimum of 25 Members elected from at least one quarter of EU countries (currently seven). The members of other supranational assemblies form national groups. The political groups of the European Parliament are usually the formal representation of a European political party in the Parliament. The Members of the European Parliament sit in political groups – they are not organised by nationality, but by political affiliation.

The Parliament does not form a government in the traditional sense and its politics have developed over consensual rather than adversarial lines. The first such Group was formed when the French Gaullists split from the Liberal Group on 21 January 1965[57] and created a new Group called the "European Democratic Union"[50][53] (not to be confused with the association of conservative and Christian-democratic parties founded in 1978 called the European Democrat Union nor the Conservative Group called the "European Democratic Group" founded in 1979). In European politics, there has been a coalition between the greens and the stateless nationalists or regionalists (who also support devolution).

[81] After the 2009 Parliament elections the Union for Europe of Nations was disbanded due to a lack of members, with the remaining members splitting into factions, with some joining with the remaining members of Independence/Democracy to form Europe of Freedom and Democracy, a new Eurosceptic group, and the remaining members joining with the former members of the European Democrat subgroup of the EPP-ED to form the European Conservatives and Reformists.

[105] The group's leaders were Nigel Farage (UKIP) and Kathy Sinnott (Independent, Ireland). An Analysis of Party Group Cohesion in the 5th European Parliament" by Thorsten Faas, 12 March 2002, Figure 1: Cohesion in the EP by Party Groups, "Social Europe: the journal of the european left", issue 4, March 2006, Development of Political Groups in the European Parliament, "Groupe du Parti Populaire Européen (Démocrates-Chrétiens) et des Démocrates Européens PPE-DE", "Political Groups of the European Parliament", "La droite de la droite au Parlement européen", "Groupe socialiste au Parlement européen", European socialists change name to accommodate Italian lawmakers, "Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour l'Europe ADLE", Political groups in the European Parliament (1979), "Types of international organization: detailed overview", "Groupe Union pour l'Europe des Nations UEN", "Groupe confédéral de la Gauche Unitaire Européenne-Gauche Verte Nordique GUE-GVN", "BBC NEWS - Europe - Who's who in EU's new far-right group", "European Consortium for Political Research", "Far-right parties form group in EU parliament", "France's National Front says forms group in European Parliament", "Far right MEPs form EU parliamentary group", "BBC News - Europe - European parties and groups", "Debates - Wednesday, 3 October 2001 - Announcement by the President", see how European Political Groups vote and how they form coalitions on various policy areas, The Party System of the European Parliament: Collusive or Competitive? Some Members do not belong to any political group and are known as non-attached Members.

Although most of the national parties represented within a given political group are also members of the corresponding political party at EU level, some political groups bring together more than one European political party. Each political group takes care of its own internal organisation by appointing a chair (or two co-chairs in the case of some groups), a bureau and a secretariat. The first nationalist Group was founded by the French National Front and the Italian Social Movement in 1984[50][94] under the name of the "Group of the European Right",[50][94] and it lasted until 1989. The reformist subgroup was able to pursue a reformist agenda via the Parliament. In contrast, the number of MEPs in the European Democratic Group fell over the same period and it eventually merged with the EPP Group on 1 May 1992.

As a result, the only bodies providing analysis of the voting patterns and Weltanschauung of the groups are academics. ( Log Out /  EUL/NGL and G/EFA were the most left-wing groups, UEN and EDD the most right-wing, and that was mirrored in their attitudes towards taxation, homosexual equality, abortion, euthanasia and controlling migration into the EU.
IND/DEM was also split along its subgroups: the reformist subgroup (   , bottom-center) voted as centrist Eurosceptics, and the secessionist subgroup (   , middle-right) voted as right-wing Euroneutrals.

But the Conservatives were growing restless and on 20 July 1999[53] the EPP Group was renamed[53] to the "Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats"[58] (EPP-ED) to identify the Conservative parties within the Group. Barroso initially stood by his team and offered only small concessions, which were rejected by the PES.

Since all the Christian-democratic MEPs were members of this pan-European party, the Group's name was changed to indicate this: first to the "Christian-Democratic Group (Group of the European People's Party)"[52][54] on 14 March 1978,[52] then to "Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats)"[52][54][55] on 17 July 1979.

The members of other supranational assemblies form national groups.

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