the right to believe in and practice one's religion of choice. According to the Vienna Convention, if a citizen of another country is sentenced to death, his or her home country must be notified. Article 1, Section 28, of the Texas Constitution states, "Every citizen shall have the right to keep and bear arms in lawful defense of himself or the state; but the Legislature shall have the power, by law, to regulate the wearing of arms with a view to prevent crime." The United States is the only Western nation that still executes criminals. Public defenders and assigned counsel perform similar roles, though there are differences. "Recourse to the death penalty on the part of legitimate authority, following a … Federal prosecutors who wish to file capital charges are required to obtain authorization from: The ______ leads the United States in executions. Quizlet will be unavailable from 4-5 PM PT. Some Texas counties use a program called "cite and release" as an alternative to arresting those found possessing small amounts of marijuana. Which of the following statements is true of the Federal Death Penalty Act? to investigate and take appropriate action in cases of actual innocence (The Dallas Conviction Integrity Unit was the first office of its kind in Texas and reviewed claims of innocence made by those convicted of crimes.). public defenders: salaried defense lawyers funded by the state. This is due to a variety of reasons, including an over-reliance on eyewitness accounts and overzealous prosecutors. In the 1989 case of Stanford v. Kentucky, the Court: In the case of _______, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to sentence a 15 year-old to death. In 2007 the Dallas County district attorney created the Conviction Integrity Unit. The United States is the only Western nation that still executes criminals. Which of the following is a component of the Lemon test? False; Death row inmates spend an average of over 10 years awaiting execution. Which of the following statements is true of the Federal Death Penalty Act? the right of every citizen against arbitrary government action. The appeals process in capital cases is usually quite lengthy. The courts cannot hold trials for serious offenses without provision for a grand jury. On Saturday, October 10th, we'll be doing some maintenance on Quizlet to keep things running smoothly. The legal system categorizes crimes into different levels of seriousness, and there are several kinds of punishment for those convicted of these crimes. considers the provisions of the Bill of Rights one by one and selectively applies them as limits on the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. It incorporated the Supreme Court law ban on execution of offenders with mental retardation and juveniles. An approach to sentencing that emphasizes interchangeability of punishments is called: The current term for prison gangs by the prison administration is: The prison gang ______ was founded in 1966 at San Quintin Prison and is considered the most politically oriented of the major state prison gangs; its racial makeup is black, The prison gang _________ was formed in the late 1950s in California's youth facility at Duel; its racial makeup is Mexican-American/Hispanic, a. designation by another law enforcement agency. The Texas prison population peaked in 2000, at about 160,000 inmates in the system. Because assigned counsel are often paid very low fees, there is a concern that they do not always provide an adequate defense. c. Death came as a relief when compared to torture. Instead of being arrested, violators are given a ticket. As a consequence of the Furman decision, the laws of all states require that legal issues about the trial and sentencing be: The Liebman study concluded the overall rare of prejudicial error in the American capital punishment system is: a. held that the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment did not forbid imposition of the death penalty for crimes committed by people at 16 and 17 years of age. From its inception in 1849 and prior to the Supreme Court case of Ruiz v. Estelle, which of the following were issues that plagued the Texas state prison system at various points in time? the "public interest" used to justify eminent domain can mean anything a legislature wants it to mean. African Americans make up a disproportionate number of death row inmates. As of 2015, 107 of the of the 252 inmates on death row are African American, as were 197 of the 531 people executed in Texas since 1977.

Which of the following statements is most correct about the year-and-a-day rule? After conviction, death penalty sentences are carried out swiftly. To convict a defendant of a crime, jurors must believe that the defendant's guilt is -, and their verdict must be -. The development of supermax prisons in the federal system is an example of the _____ model. Pope Francis approved the change, which aligns with his public statements against the death penalty. Which of the following are recent ways in which the Texas criminal justice system has been reformed? The Dallas County Conviction Integrity Unit investigates claims of innocence made by those convicted of crimes. All new death penalty statutes provide for which of the following? A grand jury determines whether or not there is enough evidence for a trial. Correct: - On average, it costs taxpayers about $120 to arrest and book such offenders, and about $63 per day to … Research studies have revealed that jail administrators commonly use _____ to define STG membership. Which of the following is established by the Fifth Amendment? False; Although it has dipped somewhat since 2000, the number of Texans in jail has increased dramatically since the early 1990s. False; Cameron Todd Willingham was convicted of the arson death of his family and executed in 2004; an important contribution to his being found guilty was testimony from an expert witness. Which of the following descriptions about a Supreme Court death penalty case is FALSE? Criminal justice reforms that have been successful in Texas are often framed as issues of justice, not partisanship. Even in counties in which possession of marijuana is treated rather strictly, once a defendant pays his or her fine there is little additional financial burden. determining whether government involvement advances a particular religion. The governor must have a recommendation from the board in order to grant clemency.).

Speech that is accompanied by conduct and that can be regulated by the government to preserve public order is called, The Supreme Court ruled in Lawrence v. Texas that the right to privacy, The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade was based on the. As a result of work by the Texas Forensic Science Commission, Cameron Todd Willingham was exonerated of his arson and murder conviction and released from prison. Currently, _________ is the predominant method of execution in the United States. b. Despite this, the state of Texas still spent nearly $230 million in indigent legal services in 2014. The idea of the separation of church and state is most closely associated with the, The most dramatic restraint imposed on police by the Bill of Rights, which can free those people who are known to have committed the crime of which they have been accused, is the, The right of the people "to keep and bear Arms" is based on. Watch the following animation on the demographics of the Texas prison population and determine which statements are accurate. The two dimensions along which legislatures construct sentencing guidelines are: True; Many recent changes to the criminal justice system have been low-controversy matters that do not attract a great deal of partisan scrutiny.

The number of Texans in jail has only moved in one direction since more prisons were built up. True; Whether a daily or hourly rate, the amount of money paid to assigned counsel is usually much less than what they would be paid in private practice, raising concerns that some assigned counsel will not necessarily work as hard to provide an adequate defense to their clients. Eminent domain is the power of government to, In the 2006 case of United States v. Grubbs, the Supreme Court ruled that, police could conduct searches using such "anticipatory warrants. As of 2015, there are closer to 140,000 inmates in Texas. c. are destroyed psychologically and more likely to show rage and sadism. What was the most common factor that led to the wrong person being convicted of a crime? Study the table below on crime classification in Texas, and determine which classification is most appropriate for the scenario described.

Requiring juveniles convicted of felonies to serve their sentences close to home is far less controversial than changes to high-visibility issues such as the death penalty. The exclusionary rule is illustrated by which Supreme Court case?

Fighting words fall outside constitutional protection because they.

Read the following statements and click on those that someone in favor of cite and release would use as an effective argument to someone skeptical of the program. IT ORIGINATED WHEN CAUSE OF DEATH COULD NOT BE PROVEN AFTER LONGER TIMES 3. On Saturday, October 10th, we'll be doing some maintenance on Quizlet to keep things running smoothly. Which of the following is true of no-frills prison? Place in order the common steps of the criminal justice process once a felony arrest has been made.

(The governor's powers of pardons and clemency are curtailed in the Texas constitution. Any action by a group of inmates that constitutes a forcible attempt to gain control of a facility or area within the facility is a(an): The 1971 riot at the ________ was known as the bloodiest one-day encounter bewtween Americans since the Civil War. _____ refers to the number of inmates that planners intended a prison facility to house. d. Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville. The Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles makes clemency recommendations to the governor. Which of the following are common problems and challenges many Texas prisoners face after they are released? Which of the following statements about open and concealed carry are accurate? ______ refers to the number of inmates that can be accomodated based on a facility's staff and existing programs and services. Which of the following factors have been shown to make judges more likely to affirm death penalty sentences? What were some of the effects of Texas's prison expansions of the 1990s and 2000s? In such counties, the - tends to prosecute more serious crimes, such as felonies, while the - prosecutes less serious crimes, such as misdemeanors. What is the role of the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles? arraignment --> posting bail --> grand jury indictment --> trial --> sentencing. Read the following statements and click on those that someone in favor of cite and release would use as an effective argument to someone skeptical of the program. ", In the important 1945 case concerning eminent domain, the Supreme Court essentially ruled that. In 1976, the Supreme Court rejected mandatory death penalty statutes in the case of: When the court has two separate hearings for different issues in a trial, one for guilt and the other for punishment, it is known as a : d. automatically appealed to the state appellate court. Texas is home to more verified wrongful convictions than is any other state. Quizlet will be unavailable from 4-5 PM PT. Watch the animation on rates of imprisonment in Texas and how they compare to other states, and determine which of the following statements are accurate.

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