Increasing the place of vocational education and training and of ICT (information and communications technology) within the education system are other clear objectives of Ghanaian policies in education. [15][16], In 1765, Philip Quaque set up a school in his house at Cape Coast which will later go on to be the first formal elementary school in Ghana.The Philip Quaque boys school has produced many renowned men and women who have gone on to make their mark on Ghana. Based on the “Dozbo committee report”, they followed 2 goals: reducing the length of pre-tertiary education (The structure primary school/Junior High School/Senior High school was created)[30] and modifying programmes in order to promote more practical contents at school.

Among them can be found the World Bank, the United States (through the USAID), the United Kingdom(through the DfID) and the European Union. The motto of Philip Quaque boys school which is written in Fante dialect is "Nyansa ahyese ne Nyamesuro" which translate to the English language as The fear of the Lord is the beginning of Wisdom. The secondary general education is assumed by the Senior High School (SHS). At the second cycle, vocational and technical schools are highly under-resourced and attendees are considered to be of lower grade as compared to grammar students. [56], In 2011, the primary school net enrolment rate was 84%, a figure described by UNICEF as "far ahead" of the Sub-Saharan average. The examination pass rate of the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) for the years 2006-2011 are presented above in Table. [63] Secondary cycle can be either general (assumed by Senior High School) or vocational(assumed by technical Senior High School, Technical and vocational Institutes and a massive private and informal offer). There is usually no official or recognized certification or qualifications given to trainees. Over the centuries education has had different goals, from spreading the Gospel to creating an elite group to run the colony. Adoma, K., & S. Yeboah (2014). There is never 'free education', even within the public sector. On the one hand, it has been observed that the increased establishment of the private JSS was consistent with the privatization of the national economy that characterized the 1980s. [114], Policies has been developed to limit those inequalities: Some universities have, for instance, lowered their minimum entry requirement or created scholarship for students from the "less-endowed secondary school". [73] The WASSCE grading system adds numbers to the letters, offering a larger scale of evaluation. [49] With 84% of its children in primary school, Ghana has a school enrollment "far ahead" of its sub-saharian neighbor's. With the arrival of more missions into the country came an explosion in mission schools across the length and breadth of southern Ghana. The promotion of teachers in the ranks in the Ghana education service has been a contentious issue with many teachers arguing for a better mechanism, that can automatically promote a teacher once they achieve a higher qualification. [81] The offer of formal vocational education within the private sector is also hard to define[52] and the Ministry of Education recognizes its incapacity to give a clear overview of the public vocational education, many ministries having their own programmes. [102] Political unrests however limited political actions to sporadic short-term programmes, until 1987 and the creation of the Non-Formal Education Division (NFED), whose goal was to eliminate illiteracy by 2000. During the academic year 2011/2012 the pupil teacher ratio was 25:1 at the basic private school as compared to 29:1 at the public basic school. [39], Tertiary education in Ghana has been notably growing during the last twenty years, both in terms of enrollment and infrastructures. However, the introduction of capitation grant and school feeding programme did not have that effect, thus our 95% enrollment rate at the primary level could still mean a significant proportion of children between the ages 6-11 are not in school. [30] The 1987 Education Act aimed at turning the 1974's Dozbo committee measures into reality:[30] a national literacy campaign was launched,[31] pre-tertiary education was reduced from 17 to 12 years and vocational education appeared in Junior High School. Dr. K.B. IMANI Alert: The 10 Most Alarming Problems with Agyapa. [96], The Ghanaian State has dedicated 23% of its expenditure to education in 2010. [106][107], TVET in Ghana face numerous problems: low completion rate (in 2011, 1.6% of the population got a TVET degree whereas 11% of the population followed a TVET programme),[106] « poorly trained instructor » and lack of infrastructure. [52], International schools also exist in Ghana: the Takoradi International School, Tema International School, Galaxy International School, The Roman Ridge School, Ghana International School, Lincoln Community School, Faith Montessori School, American International School, Association International School, New Nation School, SOS Hermann Gmeiner International College and International Community School, which offer the International Baccalaureat, Advanced Level General Certificate of Education and the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE).



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