[9], Roberts noted that prior Supreme Court cases had recognized two compelling interests for the use of race. at 25. 1, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1&oldid=925521151, United States school desegregation case law, United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court, Jefferson County Public Schools (Kentucky), United States affirmative action case law, Articles needing additional references from May 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. If the Court finds that JCPS has some kind of compelling state interest, it will next decide whether the assignment plan is narrowly tailored to fit this interest. Over a period of several months in 2007–2008, JCPS developed a diversity plan based upon social economic and minority status (income of parents), a plan suggested by school board members Steve Imhoff and Larry Hujo in 2002. Justice Anthony Kennedy did not join the rest of the opinion by the Chief Justice, therefore, those parts of the opinion did not command a majority. A review of available social science, amici for Meredith conclude, reveal that that there is no clear and consistent evidence of increased academic achievement in desegregated schools.

Brief for Respondent at 4. See Gary Orfield & John T. Yun, Resegregation in American Schools, The Civil Rights Project, Harv. If the racial demographics of any school's student body deviated by more than a predetermined number of percentage points from those of Seattle's total student population (approximately 41% white and 59% non-white), the racial tiebreaker went into effect. The undergraduate program, which automatically gave minority applicants a large block of points needed for admission, was not technically a quota, but lacked individual review and thus treated each minority applicant solely as a member of his or her race. However, the law school’s program, which engaged in an individualized, holistic review of each applicant and used race only as a “plus factor,” was properly tailored. The United States, as amici, argues that JCPS failed to pursue race-neutral means, such as allotting slots on the basis of economic status or instituting a lottery system, to reduce racial isolation.

at 12. at 2. In 2000, the District Court held that JCPS was no longer segregated and dissolved the decree. Jennifer Holladay, Brown v. Board: Timeline of School Integration in the U.S., Teaching Tolerance, Spring 2004. The Western District of Washington dismissed the suit, upholding the tiebreaker.

See Brief for the Florida Governor John Ellis “Jeb” Bush and the State Board of Education as Amicus Curiae for Petitioners at i, 5. .

"But the district vigorously defends the constitutionality of its race-based program, and nowhere suggests that if this litigation is resolved in its favor it will not resume using race to assign students. Brief for Petitioner at 5, 8. The Chief Justice finally concludes his opinion by answering some of the issues raised by Justice Stephen Breyer in his dissent. [1], Until 2000, Jefferson County Public Schools in Kentucky had been integrated by court order. JCPS is the 26th largest school district in the United States. 3 (June 1999). Id. Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No.

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