extract: Zonaras: Alexander Severus to Diocletian: 222–284. Volgens Joannes Zonaras , de commandant van de lijfwacht Marcus Aurelius Carus was uitgeroepen, min of meer ongewild, keizer door zijn troepen.
The senate enthusiastically ratified his pretensions.

Probus was an active and successful general as well as a conscientious administrator, and in his reign of six years he secured prosperity for the inner provinces while withstanding repeated invasions of barbarian tribes on almost every sector of the frontier. [7] In his reign the facade of the constitutional authority of the Roman Senate was fastidiously maintained, and the conqueror, who had carried his army to victory over the Rhine, professed himself dependent on the sanction of the Senate. Appointed as a military tribune by the emperor Valerian, at a very young age, in recognition of his latent ability,[citation needed] he justified the choice by a distinguished victory over the Sarmatians on the Illyrian frontier.

[20] In the same years, Probus' generals defeated the Blemmyes in Egypt.

[36], Probus sent some troops against the new usurper, but when those troops changed sides and supported Carus, Probus' remaining soldiers assassinated him at Sirmium (September/October 282).

Een van zijn principes was nooit toestaan dat de soldaten niet bezet zijn, en om hen in dienst in de tijd van vrede op bruikbare werken, zoals de aanplant van wijngaarden in Gallië, Pannonia en andere districten, met het oog op de economie in deze verwoeste landen opnieuw op te starten . Probus ging het leger ongeveer 250 bij het bereiken van volwassenheid. [8], Upon defeating the Germans, Probus re-erected the ancient fortifications of emperor Hadrian between the Rhine and Danube rivers, protecting the Agri Decumates,[9] and exacted from the vanquished a tribute of manpower to resettle depopulated provinces within the empire and provide for adequate defense of the frontiers. De omvang van deze opstanden is niet duidelijk, maar er zijn aanwijzingen dat ze waren niet alleen lokale problemen (een inscriptie met de naam van Probus wissen is voor zover gevonden als Spanje). In the aftermath of the campaign, Probus repaired the ancient fortifications erected by Hadrian in the vulnerable space between the Rhine and Danube, in the territory of Swabia.

Either then, or during his previous command in Egypt, he ordered the reconstruction of bridges and canals along the Nile, where the production of grain for the Empire was centered.

The “grail” for any collector of Probus’ coins are the antoniniani from Serdica with extremely rare obverse legends like this one: DEO ET DOMINO PROBO INVICTO AVG (= for the god and lord, the invincible Probus, the emperor. Florianus, the half-brother of Tacitus, also proclaimed himself emperor, and took control of Tacitus' army in Asia Minor, but was killed by his own soldiers after an indecisive campaign against Probus in the mountains of Cilicia. [33][34] During the winter of 281, the emperor was in Rome, where he celebrated his well-deserved triumph.[34]. Nooit meer, na de hervormingen van Diocletianus, zou de Romeinse senaat een actieve rol spelen in het beheer van het rijk. [13], Probus entered the army around 250 upon reaching adulthood. [13], Probus entered the army around 250 upon reaching adulthood. Probus, AE antoninianus. Mc Mahon, Robin, "Probus (276-282 AD) en Rival Eisers (Proculus, Bonosus, en Saturninus) van de 280S", Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Probus Augustus, Wikimedia Commons heeft media met betrekking tot, Dennis, Anthony J., "antoniniani van de Romeinse keizer Probus", Vol. Probus: emperor of the Roman world (r. 276-282). 3.18 g. IMP C PROBVS AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield. The son of a Balkan military officer, Probus served with distinction in the army and apparently was eastern praetorian prefect when his troops proclaimed him emperor in opposition to Florian, who was soon killed by his own men.

Naar verluidt, werden 400.000 barbaren gedood tijdens campagne Probus', en de hele natie van de lugiërs werden uitgeroeid. [17][18], Florianus, the half-brother of Tacitus, also proclaimed himself emperor, and took control of Tacitus' army in Asia Minor, but was killed by his own soldiers after an indecisive campaign against Probus in the mountains of Cilicia. In contrast to Florianus, who ignored the wishes of the senate, Probus referred his claim to Romein a respectful dispatch. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Marcus Aurelius Probus (/ˈproʊbəs/; 19 August 232 – September 282) was Roman emperor from 276 to 282. De senaat enthousiast zijn pretenties geratificeerd.

Probus werd onder de hoogst geplaatste luitenanten van Aurelian, het heroveren Egypte van Zenobia in 273 na Christus keizer Tacitus , na zijn troonsbestijging in 275, benoemd Probus hoogste chef van het oosten, waarbij hem buitengewone bevoegdheden om een gevaarlijke grens te beveiligen.

[22], In 278, Probus campaigned successfully in Gaul against the Alamanni and Longiones; both tribes had advanced through the Neckar valley and across the Rhine into Roman territory. Probus (/ ˈ p r oʊ b ə s /; Marcus Aurelius Probus; c. 19 August 232 – September/October 282) was Roman Emperor from 276 to 282. / CLEMENTIA TEMP, Emperor standing right, holding eagle-tipped sceptre, receiving globe from Jupiter, naked but for chlamys hanging from his left shoulder, standing left, holding sceptre. More significantly, Probus, by forcing from the vanquished tribes a tribute of manpower, established the precedent of settling barbarians within the empire as auxiliaries on a large scale.

Probus volgende reisde het westen, het verslaan van de Goten langs de benedenloop van de Donau in 277, en het verwerven van de titel van Gothicus . Never again, after Diocletian's reforms, would the Roman senate play an active role in the management of the empire. However, the Goths came to respect his ability and implored a treaty with the empire. Alföldi 18-4. Naar verluidt, werden de soldaten uitgelokt toen zij hem hoorde geweeklaag over de noodzaak van een staand leger. Probus Nederland Probus Nederland wil saamhorigheid en vriendschap bevorderen van geheel of bijna geheel postactieven van 55 jaar en ouder. 21 mm.

In zijn regering de gevel van de constitutionele gezag van de Romeinse Senaat werd kieskeurig onderhouden, en de veroveraar, die zijn armen naar de overwinning op het had gedragen Rijn beleden zichzelf afhankelijk van de goedkeuring van de Senaat. 11, Southern, Pat. Probus was eager to start his eastern campaign, delayed by the revolts in the west.

[10] Despite his widespread popularity, Probus was killed in a mutiny of the soldiers while in the middle of preparations for the Persian war, which would be carried out under his successor Carus.

[5] According to the Alexandrian Chronicle, he was born sometime in the year 232. Antoninian, Serdica, fourth issue, 280. On the military sphere, Probus' victories continued the succession of martial Illyrian emperors begun by Claudius Gothicus, which restored the military supremacy of Rome after defeats sustained during the crisis of the third century. [25], After the defeat of the Germanic invaders in Gaul, Probus crossed the Rhine to campaign successfully against the Barbarians in their homeland, forcing them to pay homage.

[27] One of his principles was never to allow the soldiers to be idle, and to employ them in time of peace on useful works, such as the planting of vineyards in Gaul, Pannonia and other districts,[28] in order to restart the economy in these devastated lands. Never again, after Diocletian's reforms, would the Roman senate play an active role in the management of the empire. 276 Death of Tacitus and Florianus; Probus proclaimed emperor by the eastern armies; in the, 278 Consul II (with Virius Lupus); restores order in Gaul and the, 279 Consul III (with Nonius Paternus II); war against the Isaurians in Asia Minor and the Blemmyans in Egypt; accepts the title, 280 Insurrection of Bonosus and Proculus in, 281 Consul IV (with Gaius Junius Tiberianus); Bonosus commits suicide; Proculus flees to the, 282 Consul V (with Victorinus); killed by soldiers. Ieder vanuit een persoonlijke, intellectuele en maatschappelijke achtergrond. Marcus Aurelius Probus (/ˈproʊbəs/; 19 August 232 – September 282) was Roman emperor from 276 to 282. [29][30], In 280–281, Probus put down three usurpers, Julius Saturninus, Proculus and Bonosus. Probus (/ˈproʊbəs/; Latin: Marcus Aurelius Probus Augustus ; c. 19 August 232 – September/October 282), was Roman Emperor from 276 to 282.

Modern scholarship inclines to the former view, placing his birth at Narbo (modern Narbonne) in Gaul though he was educated in Rome. [12] Reportedly, 400,000 barbarians were killed during Probus' campaign, and the entire nation of the Lugii were extirpated. Probus, Roman emperor from ad 276 to 282. [33][34] During the winter of 281, the emperor was in Rome, where he celebrated his well-deserved triumph.[34]. [17][18], Florianus, the half-brother of Tacitus, also proclaimed himself emperor, and took control of Tacitus' army in Asia Minor, but was killed by his own soldiers after an indecisive campaign against Probus in the mountains of Cilicia. Mc Mahon, Robin, "Probus (276–282 A.D.) and Rival Claimants (Proculus, Bonosus, and Saturninus) of the 280s", http://en.wikipediam.org/w/index.php?title=Probus_(emperor)&oldid=977071357, Roman emperors murdered by the Praetorian Guard, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Probus Augustus, Dennis, Anthony J., "Antoniniani of the Roman Emperor Probus", Vol.
[39] Carus was proclaimed emperor after Probus' death and avenged the murder of his predecessor. Probus’s reign was spent in continual frontier warfare against hostile tribes on the Rhine and Danube, complicated by insurrections in Britain, Gaul, and the East. According to Joannes Zonaras, the commander of the Praetorian Guard Marcus Aurelius Carus had been proclaimed, more or less unwillingly, emperor by his troops. [36], Probus sent some troops against the new usurper, but when those troops changed sides and supported Carus, Probus' remaining soldiers assassinated him at Sirmium (September/October 282). 284-305) nam actief maatregelen om zijn gezag te ondermijnen, en de autocratische natuur en goddelijke deriviation van gevestigde de keizerlijke macht.


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