11. Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic or non-hemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. [1] It is also present in the bodies of animals such as pufferfish, where it is responsible for the production of the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin.
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It is also present in the bodies of animals such as pufferfish, where it is responsible for the production of the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin. An Unusual Source of Vibrio alginolyticus–Associated Otitis: Prolonged Colonization or Freshwater Exposure? A. fischeri has bioluminescent properties, and is found predominantly in symbiosis with various marine animals, such as the Hawaiian bobtail squid. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. It is named after Bernhard Fischer, a German microbiologist. Bangladesh J Microbiol. Deng Y, Chen C, Zhao Z, Zhao J, Jacq A, Huang X, Yany Y. in 1965 the second biotype be moved into its own species. Most bioluminescent bacteria belong to this family, and are typically found as symbionts of deep-sea animals. The complete sequence was deposited at GeneBank under the ascension numbers CP016224 and CP016225.
The bacterium's natural habitat is brackish or saltwater. The word zooplankton is derived from the Greek zoon (ζῴον), meaning "animal", and planktos (πλαγκτός), meaning "wanderer" or "drifter". Some strains of V. cholerae cause the disease cholera. 9. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Vibrio alginolyticus-associated wound infection acquired in British waters, Guernsey, July 2011". It is an emerging pathogen in aquatic organisms. It is heterotrophic, oxidase-positive, and motile by means of a single polar flagella. Vibrios are also commonly associated with various types of plankton. TCBS agar is highly selective for the isolation of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus as well as other Vibrio species. Clinicians need to be aware of this unusual pathogen, especially in refractory cases of ear infections. All Rights Reserved, 2000;126(6):790-791. doi:10.1001/archotol.126.6.790, Otitis externa and otitis media are commonly encountered in clinical practice.
Necrotizing Fasciitis Due to Vibrio alginolyticus in an Immunocompetent Patient. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin. 4th ed. Like other members of the genus Vibrio, this species is motile, with a single, polar flagellum. Vibrio species typically possess two chromosomes, which is unusual for bacteria. Free-living A. fischeri cells survive on decaying organic matter. Vibrio alginolyticus was originally classified as biotype 2 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Most clinical isolates are recovered from superficial wounds or the external ear infections. The Tetraodontidae are a family of primarily marine and estuarine fish of the order Tetraodontiformes.
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Numerous studies have been conducted, displaying the outbreak of V. alginolyticus in various marine animals. 10.
1-3 These infections most frequently occur after marine-associated penetrating injuries. 2nd ed. Carpenter C. Other pathogenic vibrios. Pg. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 18th edition. All Rights Reserved. These studies show the necrotic effect of V. alginolyticus on different types of organisms; from fish to seahorses.1, 8 Though the exact pathogenic pathway is unknown,5 one study proposed a theoretical mechanism where V. alginolyticus adheres to mucosal layers of marine animals, where it is able to use the mucus for nutrients and causes ulcers and other tissue damage.1 V. alginolyticus is also known to cause necrosis of epithelial tissue in marine animals.8, Vibrio alginolyticus is also pathogenic to humans, known to cause gastroenteritis and other infections of the gastrointestinal tract.2 Additionally, V. alginolyticus has been isolated from soft tissue infections in humans, and there have been reported cases of humans contracting diseases as severe as necrotizing fasciitis following infection from V. alginolyticus, though most commonly the infection is gastroenteritis, otitis media, and otitis externa.3 Depending on the severity of the infection, simple antibiotics may be all that is required, and treatment tends to be focused more on the comfort of the patient, especially in the case of gastroenteritis.
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