Email: michelle.faubert@umanitoba.ca, Article Purchase The exploration, also known as the King Survey, began in 1867 with the purpose to examine the geology, topography and natural resources of the territory around the 40th parallel bet […]. Sharp and his colleagues tried to press murder charges against Collingwood and the owners, but to no avail. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email.

Movements can often be sparked by the most inane and ordinary of circumstances. This Day in History 11/29: The 1781 Zong Massacre Print of the crew of the Zong throwing sick Africans overboard (1781) Movements can often be sparked by the most inane and ordinary of circumstances. As was common business practice, they had taken out insurance on the lives of the enslaved people as cargo. from CrashCourse World History, Did the Culper Ring get its due? Instead it unleashed a firestorm.
USD 369.00 Since this human chattel was such a valuable commodity at that time, many captains took on more slaves than their ships could accommodate in order to maximize profits. According to the crew, when the ship ran low on drinking water following navigational mistakes, the crew threw enslaved … Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. If he continued sailing, and delivered a pile of corpses to the Kingston docks, the owners had no redress. Slaves were moved on the ‘Middle Passage’ of the triangular trade route. Due to a navigational error, the ship missed its destination in the Caribbean and had to spend an extra three weeks at sea. ( Log Out /  She is also a Visiting Fellow at Northumbria University. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Mr. D and the “War on Christmas”: A Response to Ed O’Donnell’s 11/25 NY Daily News Column, This Day in History 11/29: The 1781 Zong Massacre, Today’s Document from the National Archives. Under the “jettison” clause, enslaved persons were considered cargo, and their loss would be covered at £30 per head. The efforts of abolitionists such as these led to the 1807 law abolishing the slave trade. Sharp immediately became involved in the prosecution of the appeal, even though eminent jurists such as John Lee, Soliciter General for England and Wales, dismissed the affair stating “the case was the same as if horses had been thrown overboard.” This time, the court ruled that the ship owners were not eligible for insurance since the water in the hold proved that the cargo was mismanaged.

And to think…it was all sparked by insurance fraud. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email, A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies, Granville Sharp’s manuscript letter to the admiralty on the, /doi/full/10.1080/0144039X.2016.1206285?needAccess=true. The Zong Massacre The Zong was a British slave ship that left São Tomé in 1781 with 400 Africans on board. The ship was under the command of Luke Collingwood and his crew. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author. Approximately 131 African captives were thrown overboard and drowned because if they had died on board, the crew could not claim insurance money on the lost cargo. Indeed, when the Zong reached Jamaica on the 22nd of December, there was 422 gallons of drinking water in the hold. Beginning in 1784, Wilberforce would lead a 50-year struggle in Parliament to abolish slavery in the British Empire. On November 29, 1781, the Zong, a slave ship carrying Africans to Jamaica, had a problem. ( Log Out / 

By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. The case went to court, and the court ruled in favor of Collingwood and the owners. An error has occurred; the feed is probably down. ( Log Out /  Together with Sharp and Equiano, they would approach a young member of Parliament from Yorkshire, William Wilberforce, to take up the cause of abolition. During research at the British Library (BL) in May 2015, I discovered a previously unknown manuscript letter from 1783 by Granville Sharp to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. The video below describes life on board the slave ships and the Zong massacre. Story by Jay Moon If, however, the sick Africans were lost at sea, then the shipowners’ insurance would cover the loss. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. This article argues that the BL letter is the only known fair-copy of Sharp’s letter to the Admiralty, that the only other extant copy at the National Maritime Museum is a rough draft that should be considered as secondary to the BL letter, and that Sharp intended to publish the letter to the Admiralty.

Blacks are goods and property; it is madness to accuse these well-serving honourable men of murder. Change ). Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. ( Log Out /  In all, 122 Africans were thrown overboard. The insurers disputed the claims of the captain and the owners–largely on the testimony of James Kelsall, First Mate on the Zong. The slave trade brought vast wealth to British ports and merchants but conditions were horrific. Dated October 10, 1870, this is a letter from Clarence King, leading the Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel to Major General A.A. Humphreys, the Army Chief of Engineers.

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3099067 Yet when the ship owners filed their claim with the insurance company, things went downhill. 30 days to view or download: Two months before, in their zeal for profits, the crew of the Zong stuffed the hold of the ship with more Africans than it could carry. Three days earlier, a legal case in London had heard how the Liverpool owners of the ship, the Zong, had sued the ship's underwriters for the value of 132 Africans lost on a voyage from Africa to Jamaica. October 10, 1845: The U.S. This is a case of chattels or goods. After an epidemic coupled with malnutrition and overcrowding had killed 60 Africans and seven sailors, the captain, Luke Collingwood of Liverpool, decided to throw overboard 133 sick Africans over three days to collect the insurance. The Gregson slave-trading syndicate, based in Liverpool, owned the ship and sailed her in the Atlantic slave trade. One of the biggest cases in the history of the Atlantic Slave trade brought out the issues of carelessness and selfish acts. The story of the slave ship Zong gives a remarkable account of how slaves were being murdered. Naval Academy opened in Annapolis, Md. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. For more information about the Zong Massacre, here are some helpful sites: Information about the slave ship Zong (1781), Gloucestershire, UK County Council website about Granville Sharp and the Zong Massacre, British National Archives catalog of documents relating to the Zong affair, A Jamaican perspective on the Zong incident, Tagged as Abolitionism, American History, British Empire, Civil Rights, Commentary, Cultural Literacy, Curriculum, Education, Educational leadership, European history, Granville Sharp, Great Britain, History, Latin American history, Luke Collingwood, Olaudah Equiano, Opinion, Slavery, Social studies, Teachers, Teaching, U.S. History, William Wilberforce, World History, Zong. The British abolition movement inspired similar movements worldwide–including a burgeoning anti-slavery movement across the Atlantic that would lead to civil war and eventual emancipation. USD 44.00 The document concerns the case of the infamous Zong slave ship: Sharp wrote the letter to demand that the Admiralty bring murder charges against the crew of the Zong. During the appeals process, an ex-slave and author, Olaudah Equiano, brought the case–soon to be known as the “Zong Massacre”–to the attention of Granville Sharp, one of Britain’s leading early abolitionists. Many did not survive. Another 42 perished the next day, and 26 the day after that.

24 hours to view or download: The Africans had been thrown overboard when – because of poor navigation, it was claimed – the ship had sailed past its destination in Jamaica and had run short of water. Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. The captives' experience and slave resistance, Religious, moral and philosophical studies. The Zong massacre was seen as a disgrace in England and became a major influencer in the formation of the Abolition Society in 1787, although the Atlantic slave trade still continued – just much more covertly. But Kelsall–who expressed doubts early on to Collingwood about the scheme–testified that there was plenty of water for the remaining leg of the journey. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Luke Collingwood, captain of the Zong, now made what he considered the best decision to stem the losses for his bosses in Liverpool.

The crew were tried in 1783, although the case was heard as an insurance dispute rather than a murder trial. The Solicitor General, John Lee, stated that: “What is this claim that human people have been thrown overboard? The Zong massacre was the mass killing of more than 130 enslaved Africans by the crew of the British slave ship Zong on and in the days following 29 November 1781.

Michelle Faubert is an Associate Professor in the Department of English, Film, and Theatre, 633 Fletcher Argue Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada. The late Captain Collingwood acted in the interest of his ship to protect the safety of his crew. The case came to symbolise the horrors of the Middle Passage and strengthened the abolition campaign. Zong, 1781 . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Our team of exam survivors will get you started and keep you going. To question the judgement of an experienced well-travelled captain held in the highest regard is one of folly, especially when talking of slaves.


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