Bergeron, Arthur W., Jr. Louisianans in the Civil War, "Louisiana's Free Men of Color in Gray", University of Missouri Press, 2002, p. 106-107. It was based in New Orleans, Louisiana, and played a prominent role in the Siege of Port Hudson. Thank you for sharing, I had no idea about the Louisiana Native Guard. Former Confederate Lt. Andre Cailloux was named captain of Company E of the 1st Louisiana Native Guard, whose membership consisted primarily of "free men of color" from New Orleans. It was forced to disband on February 15, 1862, when the new law took effect. In contrast to the 1st Louisiana Native Guards organization, all field and line officers of the United States Colored Troops were white. Laws such as the right to legally marry and the right for families not to be separated were some of the ways enslavement in Louisiana was different than chattel slavery in other southern states. The Union Army's 1st Louisiana Native Guard regiment in September 1862 was not made up only of men from the Confederate Guard. The Louisiana Native Guards:  1st Black Military Unit To See Combat During The Civil War, first black troops to see combat during civil war. ( Log Out /  However, the Louisiana Native Guard’s entry into combat preceded the 54th’s by a few months.
General Lewis cautioned the Native Guard to hide their muskets and dispose of their uniforms before returning home.[6].

Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/the-louisiana-native-guards.html, https://www.historynet.com/americas-civil-war-louisiana-native-guards.htm. Spencer Stafford, formerly Butler's military "mayor" of New Orleans, was the original commander of the 1st Louisiana Native Guard. The bravery and courage displayed by the unit made it impossible for anyone to challenge their inferiority to other white soldiers. New Orleans fell to Admiral David Farragut in April 1862, and Union Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler then headquartered his 12,000-man Army of the Gulfin New Orleans. [2] At that time, an estimated 25,000 African American residents of Louisiana and New Orleans had gained their freedom.

He later became a famous actor as Lewis Morrison and his granddaughters, Joan, Constance and Barbara Bennett, were actresses whose Black ancestry was never revealed.

[1], P.B.S. On May 29, 1861, Governor Moore appointed three white officers as commanders of the regiment, and company commanders were appointed from among the free blacks of the regiment. The legend of continuity of the regiments is considered by many to have been a propaganda ploy by Union General Benjamin F.

The regiment's initial strength was 1,000 men. The Regiment remained on garrison at Ship Island and mustered out on October 11, 1865. "Quiet reigned over the battlefield throughout much of May 28. Holden, Randall G., "Futile Valor", MCG Publishing, 1997, This page was last edited on 31 August 2020, at 23:43. At the war's end, approximately 100 of the original 1,000 members of the First Louisiana Native Guard still remained in uniform in either the 73rd or 74th Regiments. Military history of African Americans in the U.S. Civil War, List of United States Colored Troops Civil War units, "The Free Men of Color Go to War" - NYTimes.com, Louisiana Native Guards experience during the Civil War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1st_Louisiana_Native_Guard_(United_States)&oldid=981500777, African-American military units and formations of the American Civil War, Military units and formations established in 1862, Military units and formations disestablished in 1865, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 October 2020, at 18:04. Around this same time, New Orleans surrendered to the United States Army and Navy. List of Louisiana Confederate Civil War units, Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War, "The Free Men of Color Go to War" - NYTimes.com, Official copy of the militia law of Louisiana, adopted by the state legislature, Jan. 23, 1862, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1st_Louisiana_Native_Guard_(CSA)&oldid=976059298, Louisiana Confederate Civil War regiments, African-American military units and formations of the American Civil War, Military units and formations established in 1861, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. André Cailloux, who later became a hero of the Siege of Port Hudson as a Union officer, served as a lieutenant in this Confederate Louisiana militia regiment of the Native Guard. By this time, the Guard's numbers had diminished to 500.

About two thousand people attended the meeting where muster lists were opened, with about 1,500 free blacks signing up. Duration: 13 minutes, 16 seconds

America’s Civil War: Louisiana Native Guards In general histories of the war, the 54th Massachusetts Infantry is usually presented as being the first African-American regiment in the Union Army to experience the trial of combat. The more well known 54th Massachusetts Infantry is often credited with being the first black unit to see military action. Poor treatment by white soldiers and difficult field conditions had by then led to the resignation of many officers and the desertion of enlisted soldiers.

A predecessor regiment by the same name existed in the Confederate Louisiana militia. [8], Companies of the Confederate 1st Louisiana Native Guard prior to disbanding in 1862:[11], See "An Ex Native Guard" and "My Tardy Compatriots,", Jno. In April 1864 the Corps d'Afrique was dissolved, and its members joined the newly organized 73rd and 74th Regiments of the United States Colored Troops of the Union Army. About two thousand people attended the meeting where muster lists were opened, with about 1,500 free blacks signing up. The Louisiana Native Guards was the first all-black military unit of the Union Army to see combat action during the Civil War. On September 27, 1862, Butler organized the Union Army's 1st Louisiana Native Guard regiment, some of whose members had also been part of the previous Confederate Native Guard regiment. These men became the first Black officers in the history of the United States Army, all of whom had previously served in the Confederate Louisiana militia. But the regiment's initial strength was 1,000 men, and it was composed mostly of African-American former slaves who had escaped to freedom. When Nathaniel P. Banks later replaced Butler as Commander of the Department of the Gulf, he began a systematic campaign to purge all the black line officers from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Regiments of the Louisiana Native Guard.

The Louisiana Native Guards was the first all-black military unit of the Union Army to see combat action during the Civil War. It was based in New Orleans, Louisiana, and played a prominent role in the Siege of Port Hudson. The regiment's initial strength was 1,000 men. The regiment participated in an expedition from Fort Pike to Pearl River September 9–12, 1864 and detachments on an expedition from Fort Pike to Bayou Bonforica January 31-February 1, 1865 and from Fort Pike to Bayou St. Louis March 28–30. The Louisiana Native Guards was the first all-black military unit of the Union Army to see combat action during the Civil War. Colored Troops) was one of the first all-black regiments to fight in the Union Army during the American Civil War. [4] The 1st Louisiana Native Guard was affected by this law. Soon after the start of the Civil War, a group of free and mixed-race men living in New Orleans convened to determine where their allegiance should be in regard to the Civil War. Contents[show] Native Guard The Regiment was organized in New Orleans, Louisiana in October, 1862, and assigned to the defenses of New Orleans to December, 1862. Organized on Big Creek and at Five-Mile Creek, Kansas, June 22 to July 18, 1862. Feeling less threatened by Confederate retaliation, within just a few weeks, more than one thousand men signed up for enlistment. The militia unit was the first of any in North America to have African-American officers, preceding the United States Colored Troops. Now part of the Union, New Orleans sought to recruit local volunteers, particularly men of color into its ranks. The 1st Louisiana Native Guard was the first official black regiment in the Confederate Army. A predecessor regiment by the same name, 1st Louisiana Native Guard (CSA), had served in the militia of Confederate Louisiana. Colored Troops). The Louisiana Native Guards enthusiastically accepted the invitation of the Union to join their ranks. General Lewis cautioned them to hide their arms and uniforms before returning home. The Confederate assault was unrelenting and began to drive back the Union troops. The prime motivator in the formation of the Native Guards Regiment. The new militia regiment was formed during May 1861, consisting mostly of free persons of color, Creole Francophones (gens de couleur). The Louisiana Native Guards first saw combat in May 1863, Under the command of Major General Nathaniel Banks, the unit assigned to assist with the assault on Port Hudson which was a confederate stronghold near the Mississippi River. Colored Troops). Though ten per cent of its members would later join the Union Army's 1st Louisiana Native Guard, the two were separate military units. The Louisiana Native Guards, a Union infantry regiment composed of African-American and mixed-race troops, with both white and black officers, assaulted Confederate fortifications at Port Hudson, Louisiana, on May 27, 1863. General J. W Phelps, a West Point graduate from Vermont can be credited with the idea of arming African Americans in Louisiana even though he did not command take command of them.


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