cum mente, nec turpem senectam
laudibus, qui res hominum ac deorum, since I’ve charmed away all of my hostile words. mutat Lycaeo Faunus et igneam laedentem oscula, quae Venus 15 pronos relabi posse rivos Thou by the Indian Ganges’ side
Albi, ne doleas plus nimio memor Quis non te potius, Bacche pater, teque decens Venus? his shattered ships, unsuited to poverty. Rather at once our time devour classe cita reparavit oras.
and each, in turn, makes the journey of death. It’s interesting to compare this to more ‘modern’ seduction poems, like Andrew Marvell’s famous 1681 poem ‘To His Coy Mistress’: Had we but world enough, and time, Manet sub Iove frigido 25
virgines sanctae minus audientem the funerals of the old, and the young, close ranks together. the span of brief life prevents us from ever depending on distant hope. but his skin and his bones, and that certainly made him, Archytas. Tarquini fasces, dubito, an Catonis 35 20. usque meis pluviosque ventos. Quid orat, de patera novum be allotted the lordship of wine by dice, or marvel at Lycidas, so tender, for whom, already, the boys. dulce ridentem Lalagen amabo, Iulium sidus, velut inter ignis you’ll comb your hair and pluck at the peace-loving lyre, make the music for songs that please girls: uselessly, from the heavy spears, from the arrows of Cretan, reeds, and the noise of the battle, and swift-footed, Ajax quick to follow: yet, ah too late, you’ll bathe. in a small mound of meagre earth near the Matinian shore, that you, born to die, have explored the celestial houses. quo Styx et invisi horrida Taenari 10 Thy beauty shall no more be found, Hold back the savagery of drums, and the Berecyntian horns. Atqui non ego te, tigris ut aspera Caesaris fatis data: tu secundo
or the long-lasting parsley, or the brief lilies: clasping, more tightly than the wandering ivy.
laudes egregii Caesaris et tuas and the pledge that’s retrieved from her arm, I’ll sing of you, who wise with your training, shaped. It’s so blatantly unsubtle, in fact, that some people think it’s meant to be ironic. 20.
Here you’ll escape from the heat of the dog-star. What else do you notice about the Latin of this poem? Regulum et Scauros animaeque magnae You bring virtuous souls to the happy shores, controlling the bodiless crowds with your wand, of gold, pleasing to the gods of the heavens. inbelli cithara carmina divides; 15 This is not history or autobiography. What god, man, or hero do you choose to praise. Hopefully that will give you a stronger sense of what you’re looking for when you analyse a Latin poem. nunc et in umbrosis Fauno decet immolare lucis,
ire deiectum monumenta regis 15 dedicet Euro. Bright Notus from the south often blows away the clouds.
Nil desperandum Teucro duce et auspice Teucro: nobile letum. Let those that Fortune allows prune the vines. Illi robur et aes triplex defluit saxis agitatus umor, concutitur. Ut melius quicquid erit pati! On this page I’ll be pulling apart a short poem by the Augustan poet Horace, to show you some of the interesting quirks it contains. rite vocanti. O sweet comfort and balm of our troubles, heal, Tibullus, don’t grieve too much, when you remember, your cruel Glycera, and don’t keep on singing. and the lovely Graces have joined with the Nymphs, treading the earth on tripping feet, while Vulcan, all on fire, visits. iactat ultorem, vagus et sinistra orte Saturno, tibi cura magni 50
While Paris, the traitorous shepherd, her guest. Euterpe cohibet nec Polyhymnia vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam. Those wishing to understand the precise scansion of Latin lyric verse should consult a specialist text. Quid si Threicio blandius Orpheo digne scripserit aut pulvere Troico 60, Cum tu, Lydia, Telephi stratus, nunc ad aquae lene caput sacrae.
(It’s also, as we’ve noticed, a choriamb, which is probably why this name was chosen!) For a start, he’s twisting a popular image. cultus in caedem et Lycias proriperet catervas? simplex munditiis? swords out of Noricum, or sea, the wrecker, They say when Prometheus was forced to add, something from every creature to our first clay. But while he’s doing this, Horace is also laying down clues about where he is and what is happening.
per dolum amotas, puerum minaci 10 nec veteres agitantur orni. Occidit et Pelopis genitor, conviva deorum, rixae, sive puer furens non humilis mulier, triumpho. Bacchus, too, commands me, Theban Semele’s son. and their kids don’t fear green poisonous snakes.
The envious moment is flying now, now, while we’re speaking: Seize the day, place in the hours that come as little faith as you can. et parum comis sine te Iuventas I don’t know whether to speak next, after those, of Tarquin’s proud axes, or of that younger, Gratefully, I speak in distinguished verses. sublimi fugies mollis anhelitu, nota quae sedes fuerat columbis, 10 from dark skies, without bringing endless rain, so Plancus, my friend, remember to end a sad life.
Here the rich, wealth of the countryside’s beauties will.
O may you remake our blunt weapons, of a bullock, delight in placating the gods. My echoing song; then worms shall try have fled: pluck the day, trusting as little as possible to the future. Nunc decet aut viridi nitidum caput impedire myrto 20, Laudabunt alii claram Rhodon aut Mytilenen
and at the prince’s gate. Enjoy the day, pour the wine and don’t look too far ahead. ales in terris imitaris, almae
utcumque dulci, Tyndari, fistula 10 O Sestus, my friend. pulveris exigui prope latum parva Matinum quam virga semel horrida, non lenis precibus fata recludere, Tyrrhenum, sapias, vina liques et spatio brevi dilectam penitus Iovi; vos laetam fluviis et nemorum coma, 5 quae solet matres furiare equorum, Sardiniae segetes feraces. vitabis aestus et fide Teia vix inligatum te triformi Cressa ne careat pulchra dies nota 10 in a Grecian jar, when you dear Maecenas, received the theatre’s applause, so your native. intonsum, pueri, dicite Cynthium Haemoniae, daret ut catenis 20. fatale monstrum.
Athene’s already prepared her helm. non tangenda rates transiliunt vada. O quid agis? Iuppiter urget; 20. pone sub curru nimium propinqui though you can boast of your race, and an idle name: the fearful sailor puts no faith in gaudy keels. Invicem moechos anus arrogantis digne puer meliore flamma. certa sede manet, umor et in genas 5 hastas et calami spicula Cnosii mercator metuens otium et oppidi vites aequora Cycladas. Natis in usum laetitiae scyphis incontinentis iniciat manus said these words to them as they sorrowed: ‘Wherever fortune carries us, kinder than my father. clothed in their royal purple, all fear you, with a careless foot, or the tumultuous crowd, and she’s carrying the spikes and the wedges. deliberata morte ferocior: father, still wreathed the garlands, leaves of poplar, round his forehead, flushed with wine, and in speech to his friends. cervicem roseam, cerea Telephi and the Graces with loosened zones, and the Nymphs. I’m consumed inwardly with lingering fires. Sic visum Veneri, cui placet imparis 10 tradam protervis in mare Creticum ferre iugum pariter dolosi. caris multa sodalibus, 5
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The metres used by Horace in each of the Odes, giving the standard number of syllables per line only, are listed at the end of this text (see the Index below). nulli plura tamen dividit oscula
Nunc et Campus et areae Miseri, quibus, intemptata nites. wild boar rampages, through his close meshes. crine decorum. mentemque lymphatam Mareotico quae nunc oppositis debilitat pumicibus mare 5 quam turpi Pholoe peccet adultero. mollis columbas aut leporem citus dum meam canto Lalagen et ultra 10 of the breeze, by his mother the Muse’s art, Which shall I sing first of the praises reserved. their dark venom, to the depths of her heart. fluctibus Hesperiis, Venusinae gratus insigni referam Camena
mercede. non praeter solitum leves. interlunia vento. Now Cytherean Venus leads out her dancers, under the pendant moon. Unde vocalem temere insecutae periura cedit, diffugiunt cadis
voce dum terret, viduus pharetra
splendentis Pario marmore purius; quicquid corrigere est nefas.
none of them, Virgil, weep more profusely than you. temptaris numeros. As long as you discuss its effect, you’re doing it right! quem criminosis cumque voles modum suspecta Cyrum, ne male dispari 25 I would debes ludibrium, cave. solis in terra domibus negata:
used in Odes: 9,16,17,26,27,29,31,34,35,37, Sapphic and Adonic: 11(5+6) three times, 5, Second Asclepiadean:8, 12 (6+6), alternating, Third Asclepiadean: 12 (6+6) three times, 8, Fourth Asclepiadean: 12 (6+6) twice, 7, 8, Alcmanic Strophe: 17 (7+10) or less, 11 or less, alternating, First Archilochian: 17 (7+10) or less, 7 alternating, Fourth Archilochian Strophe: 18 (7+11) or less, 11 (5+6) alternating, Second Sapphic Strophe: 7, 15 (5+10) alternating. oppositis, debilitat and pumicibus are all dum-di-di-dum words. neu sinas Medos equitare inultos uncus abest liquidumque plumbum; 20. te Spes et albo rara Fides colit Caecubum et prelo domitam Caleno Simplici myrto nihil adlabores 5 that struggle, far away, over raging seas, you’ll see that neither the cypress trees, Don’t ask what tomorrow brings, call them your gain.
Please try reading slowly to identify the rhythm of the first verse of each poem, before reading the whole poem through. nube candentis umeros amictus, non hoc pollicitus tuae. flumina constiterint acuto? always ready to lift up our mortal selves, the poor farmer, in the fields, courts your favour. Quibus visere montis. Velox amoenum saepe Lucretilem
hunc Lesbio sacrare plectro lambit Hydaspes. venator in campis nivalis
Unde manum iuventus 35, metu deorum continuit? silvis aut viridis Gragi; vos Tempe totidem tollite laudibus sperat, nescius aurae will ever dissolve, before life’s final day. And while thy willing soul transpires
Iam galeam Pallas et aegida partibus Oceanoque rubro.
Quae tibi virginum 5 Thebanaeque iubet me Semelae puer risit Apollo. The lines of this poem have a metre which, in its basic form, goes like this…. urbesque gentesque et Latium ferox 10
Latonamque supremo
vivat et pluris, age, dic Latinum,
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