Box of Treasures or Empty Box? Download or order a copy of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms or the Canadian Bill of Rights.

Section 35 of The Constitution Act, 1982 recognizes and affirms existing Aboriginal rights, but does not define them. What Aboriginal rights include has been the topic of much debate and discussion, and they have been defined over time through Supreme Court cases such as R. v. Calder and R. v. Sparrow. Aboriginal groups across Canada became concerned that, with the transfer of constitutional powers from Britain to Canada, established agreements affirming Aboriginal rights and title would no longer hold legal weight.

Aboriginal Canadians had not been consulted about the new constitution, and there was initially very little reference to Aboriginal rights. initviz(globalID,drawtocanvas,rgraphviz_e64eaacab3ede22f5c67709dbc0686f6); Given that legal cases have at times upheld Aboriginal rights (e.g., Sparrow) and at other times allowed infringement, the true impact of Section 35 remains to be seen. Dancing Around the Table Part Two. It is important to understand that Section 35 recognizes Aboriginal rights, but did not create them—Aboriginal rights have existed before Section 35. 9 Borrows, “Measuring a Work in Progress: Canada, Constitutionalism, Citizenship and Aboriginal Peoples.” In Walkem and Bruce, 225. The Canadian government did not initially plan to include Aboriginal rights so extensively within the constitution when the Act was being redrafted in the early 1980s. Aboriginal rights have been interpreted to include a range of cultural, social, political, and economic rights including the right to land, as well as to fish, to hunt, to practice one’s own culture, and to establish treaties.1. Borrows also feels that recognition of Aboriginal rights in Section 35 places the issue “squarely in the public eye”—crucial for the Canadian public’s acceptance of pre-existing Aboriginal rights.10. In 1982, the Queen and the Right Honourable Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister, signed the Constitution Act, 1982, which includes the British North America Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.. Section 35 initially consisted of clauses (1) and (2). canvas_width = 200; The Constitution Act is difficult to change.For some parts of the Act, the Senate, the House of Commons and all provinces must agree to any amendments (changes). PDF Version: 540 Kb. For example, Stó:lo author Lee Maracle considers that Section 35 reinforces colonialism by recognizing Canadian law as supreme, instead of breaking away from it as would be expected under a true nation-to-nation relationship.6 Lawyer and judge Mary-Ellen Turpel also argues that by accepting the Constitution, a colonial form of rule based in Western (non-Indigenous) concepts and ideologies, such as individual rights and private property ownership, one is acknowledging the colonial power as the overarching, supreme law in which “everything has to be adjusted to fit the terms of the dominant system.”7. Consolidation. 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Section 35 falls outside of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and it begins Part II of the constitution. There has been much debate over the effectiveness of Section 35. rootNode = {"id":"4","name":"Welcome to Indigenous Foundations","data":[]}; (1) The existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the aboriginal peoples of Canada are hereby recognized and affirmed. label_default_size = 8; Consolidation of Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982 .

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