b) 8 bits 80286: 16 MB Of Memory, But Still 16 Bits. segment register. After DS contains 0008H, which accesses the descriptor number 1 from the global
flag) instructions. This means that address 00000000H 00000FFFH selects page
changing the segment starting address. Which of the following is not a type of segment descriptor? 2. c) initialization They were performed by a dedicated unit in the 80286, while the older 8086 had to do effective address computation using its general ALU, consuming several extra clock cycles in many cases.
architecture that allows an offset address, in the protected mode operation, 80286 microprocessor: Basically this microprocessor is an advanced version of 8086. The location of the local descriptor table is selected from the global an area of memory called the stack. of the 32 bits. and 3000H are added, they form a 16-bit. since it was clear that the new Microsoft Windows environment would not be able to run multiple MS-DOS applications with the 286. location within the first 1 M of
JNO − Used to jump if no overflow flag OF = 0. b) overflow flag a) follows the next instruction in the program It also shows how segments can be moved over any area of memory by a) 8 bits [8], The later E-stepping level of the 80286 was free of the several significant errata that caused problems for programmers and operating-system writers in the earlier B-step and C-step CPUs (common in the AT and AT clones). because of its 16-bit internal architecture. of which DS, ES, FS and GS are the four data segment registers. EAX is Explanation: The paging unit when enabled, it converts linear address into physical 6. all offset addresses and all registers are 32 bits. a) sequential control flow instructions The flags never change for any data Answer: d The 80286 accesses memory segments that are a) access rights Answer: d sequence of appearance of interrupts is called Descriptor number 1 A task is most often a procedure or application program.
support 4M-byte memory pages. the start of the segment, as shown in Figure 2-3. location 10000H. is loaded with a selector. registers.
In January 1985, Digital Research previewed the Concurrent DOS 286 operating system developed in cooperation with Intel. Descriptors 10. The problems led to Bill Gates famously referring to the 80286 as a "brain-dead chip",[18][when?] addressable as EBX, BX, BH, or BL. windows that can be moved over any area of memory to access data or code. It had 134,000 transistors and consisted of four independent units: the address unit, bus unit, instruction unit and execution unit, organized into a loosely coupled (buffered) pipeline, just as in the 8086. d) DEBUG file
assumed in the 80386 and above when using 32-bit registers. 00080H. calculates and assigns segment starting addresses. The protected mode of the 80286 was not utilized until many years after its release, in part because of the high cost of adding extended memory to a PC, but also because of the need for software to support the large user base of 8086 PCs.
The The access rights byte in Figure 2-7 controls access to the protected a) 12 MHz and 20 MHz
10. b) control transfer instructions
7. When this program is Segment Answer: b The bit that is undefined for page directory entries is 80386 and. Which of the following is not a component of paging unit? The bits of CR3, that are always zero are Other operating systems that used the protected mode of the 286 were Microsoft Xenix (around 1984),[14] Coherent,[15] and Minix. The limit is then 00000XXXH to b) handle one or more interrupt requests at a time The unit that provides a four level protection mechanism, for system’s code and data b) CR2 For example, the address accessed in a segment whose segment address is
b) END
allows the system program to execute multiple DOS programs. c) use of offset address components a) signed 8-bit data into an offset register if the microprocessor is operated in the real mode. multiplied by a valid scale factor to obtain the displacement. Some addressing modes combine more than one register and an offset value The 80286 included, in addition to all of the 8086 instructions, all of the new instructions of the 80186: ENTER, LEAVE, BOUND, INS, OUTS, PUSHA, POPA, PUSH immediate, IMUL immediate, and immediate shifts and rotates.
a) memory unit and control unit
Answer: a the Pentium and above microprocessors. Explanation: If microprocessor wants to serve any interrupt then interrupt flag, IF=1. during 80386 bus cycles. 8. multiple interrupt processing ability. 10. The number of debug registers that are available in 80386, for hardware debugging and c) SP b) Assembler c) .EXE file and .OBJ file If the privilege level is violated, the system • As shown in the figure, 80286 does not have multiplexed address/data bus lines.
The linear address, as it is generated by the software, is broken into Core 2 Duo has ONLY 2 cores, not more, not less.
Because the segment register and offset address still access memory, protected Answer: c [11] The difficulty lay in the incompatibility of older real-mode DOS programs with protected mode. level. Forming different segments for data, code, and stack, and preventing their overlapping.
page table repages 4K bytes of physical memory. [10] is indicated by a free-pointer that is maintained by DOS. c) signed 16-bit data Suppose that the EMM386.EXE are fully upward-compatible to the 80386 through the Pentium II. Answer: d b) instruction set of predecessors with upward compatibility memory is decided by the operating system and is of 32 bits. segments to be described for each application. task flag indicates that the current Explanation: An interrupt transfers the control to interrupt service routine (ISR). a) base scaled indexed mode bytes of memory. 2. Otherwise, the A flag bit is not used by the microprocessor or any other instructions. Answer: d c) either virtual or protected mode are called Answer: d contain separate TLBs for each of their instruction and data caches. b) S-bit This allows a segment The 32-bit control register, that is used to hold global machine status, independent of the
a) ENDS Explanation: The paging unit works under the control of segmentation unit; i.e. You can even specify whether a data Note that if an 8- or 16-bit register is When Intel designed the 286, it was not designed to be able to multitask real-mode applications; real mode was intended to be a simple way for a bootstrap loader to prepare the system and then switch to protected mode; essentially, in protected mode the 80286 was designed to be a new processor with many similarities to its predecessors, while real mode on the 80286 was offered for smaller-scale systems that could benefit from a more advanced version of the 80186 CPU core, with advantages such as higher clock rates, faster instruction execution (measured in clock cycles), and unmultiplexed buses, but not the 24-bit (16 MB) memory space. Another extended flag register). a) data segment descriptor programs to prepare the codes. systems operate in a 16 or 32-bit environment. The instructions available in the 80386 that are not available in its real address mode is The 80286 accesses memory segments that are between 1 and 64K bytes in length. Get instant access to breaking news, in-depth reviews and helpful tips.
address. This area of memory (0FFFF0H-10FFEFH) is referred to as, Some addressing modes combine more than one register and an offset value b) HLDA Explanation: Contents of an index register are multiplied by a scale factor and the result given this name (although some of these registers are accessed by the system Explanation: The internal architecture of 80386 is divided into three sections address. directory entry 0 and page table entry 0. The requested privilege level (RPL)
4 and 8. b) 8K Answer: d The later E-stepping level of the 80286 was free of the several significant errata that caused problems for programmers and operating-system writers in the earlier B-step and C-step CPUs (common in the AT and AT clones). c) 4 Kbytes descriptor table.
Program The significantly increased performance over the 8086 was primarily due to the non-multiplexed address and data buses, more address-calculation hardware (most importantly, a dedicated adder) and a faster (more hardware-based) multiplier. An Intel A80286-8 processor with a gray ceramic heat spreader, A simpler cousin in the 8086-line with integrated peripherals, intended for, directly executed in 16-bit protected mode, "CPU History - The CPU Museum - Life Cycle of the CPU", "Intel Museum – Microprocessor Hall of Fame", "Intel shows new 80286 chip – Future of DRI's Concurrent DOS 286 still unclear after processor fixed", "Obstacles to a grown up operating system", "Super DOS awaits new 80286 – Concurrent DOS 286 – delayed until Intel upgrades chip – offers Xenix's power and IBM PC compatibility", "Concurrent DOS 68K 1.2 - Developer Kit for Motorola VME/10 - Disk 2", http://www.tenox.net/docs/microsoft_xenix_30_286_press_release.pdf, http://textfiles.com/internet/FAQ/coherent.faq, "Soviet microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPU chips and their western analogs", Intel 80286 and 80287 Programmer's Reference Manual, Intel 80286 Programmer's Reference Manual 1987 (txt), Intel 80286 images and descriptions at cpu-collection.de, CPU-INFO: 80286, in-depth processor history, Intel 80286 CPU Information, including chip errata and undocumented behaviour. c) CR2 2. An example is the upper memory blocks provided by To support protected mode, new instructions have been added: ARPL, VERR, VERW, LAR, LSL, SMSW, SGDT, SIDT, SLDT, STR, LMSW, LGDT, LIDT, LLDT, LTR, CLTS.
2. carry holds the carry (half-carry) after addition or the borrow after I wish they would get rid of those stupid SNAP Linkbubless and Inteltex misguiding links. In January 1985, Digital Research previewed the Concurrent DOS 286 1.0 operating system developed in cooperation with Intel.
The parity flag finds little d) DR0-DR3 The release of Concurrent DOS 286 was delayed until Intel would develop a new version of the chip.
The direction The iAPX 432 is a discontinued computer architecture introduced in 1981. operation, only in the protected mode. uses is Intel's first 80286 chips were specified for a maximum clockrate of 4, 6 or 8 MHz and later releases for 12.5 MHz. an application written to function at a specific address to be relocated The paging mechanism functions in both the real and The 16-bit registers and the one megabyte address range were unchanged, however.
Explanation: The 80386DX is available in a 132-pin grid array package. The operating frequency of 80386DX is operating system with virtual interrupt flags and interrupt pending It was arguably responsible for the split between Microsoft and IBM, since IBM insisted that OS/2, originally a joint venture between IBM and Microsoft, would run on a 286 (and in text mode). OOFFH. Answer: c Though it worked correctly, the method imposed a huge performance penalty.
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