Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London 1870, v. 3, pg. His mother's ancestors had moved from Italy to North Africa: they belonged to the gens Fulvia, an Italian patrician family that originated in Tusculum. Severus was also distinguished for his buildings.

This woman was an Emesan Syrian woman named Julia Domna.

[5] Septimius Severus , an aa kent as Severus, wis Roman Emperor frae 193 tae 211. Crisis of the Third Century. [72] His policy of an expanded and better-rewarded army was criticized by his contemporaries Cassius Dio[73] and Herodianus:[74] in particular, they pointed out the increasing burden (in the form of taxes and services) the civilian population had to bear to maintain the new army. Although his son Caracalla continued campaigning the following year, he soon settled for peace.

The silver purity decreased from 78.5% to 64.5% — the silver weight dropping from 2.46 grams to 1.98 grams. [68], Upon his death in 211, Severus was deified by the Senate and succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta, who were advised by his wife Julia Domna.[69]. [25] It is likely that he met her during his tenure as legate under his uncle. Born on 11 April 145 at Leptis Magna (in present-day Libya) as the son of Publius Septimius Geta and Fulvia Pia,[1] Septimius Severus came from a wealthy and distinguished family of equestrian rank.

When afterwards Severus declared openly his son Caracalla as successor, Albinus was hailed emperor by his troops and moved to Gallia. Lucius Septimius Severus (frae birth tae accession); This page wis last eeditit on 21 Juin 2017, at 17:21.

As a young man he advanced through the cursus honorum—the customary succession of offices—under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Though his military expenditure was costly to the empire, Severus was a strong, able ruler. Her father, Julius Bassianus, descended from the royal house of Samsigeramus and Sohaemus, and served as a high priest to the local cult of the sun god Elagabal.

In early 197 he departed Rome and travelled to the east by sea. The sudden death of his father necessitated a return to Leptis Magna to settle family affairs. Severus seized pouer efter the daith o Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year o the Five Emperors. [18] However, he omitted the military tribunate from the cursus honorum and was forced to delay his quaestorship until he had reached the required minimum age of 25. [5], Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge, https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Septimius_Severus&oldid=597198, Pages uisin infobox ryalty wi unkent parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Lucius Septimius Severus Eusebes Pertinax Augustus.

Desert nomads could no longer safely raid the region's interior and escape back into the Sahara. Retracing the steps of Agricola over a century previously, Severus rebuilt and garrisoned many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, including Carpow which could house up to 40,000 soldiers. Presumably Severus received lessons in oratory: at age 17 he gave his first public speech. The elder Severus chose his cousin as one of his two legati pro praetore. [51] This is based on the decree mentioned in the Augustan History,[49] an unreliable mix of fact and fiction. Septimius Severus does not mention her in his autobiography, though he later commemorated her with statues when he became Emperor. At the same time, Severus felt it was reasonable to offer Clodius Albinus, the powerful governor of Britannia who had probably supported Didius against him, the rank of Caesar, which implied some claim to succession.

In 208 he invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland), but his ambitions were cut short when he fell fatally ill in late 210. He strengthened Hadrian's Wall and reconquered the Southern Uplands up to the Antonine Wall, which was also enhanced. [43], Around 197,[44] he increased the number of legions from 30 to 33, with the introduction of the three new legions I, II, and III Parthica, and he garrisoned Legio II Parthica at Albanum, only 20 kilometers from Rome. Bassianus accepted Severus' marriage proposal in early 187, and the following summer he and Julia were married.

Septimius Severus. Italics usually indicate an usurper or co-emperor. [35] Abgar IX, King of Osroene but essentially only the ruler of Edessa since the annexation of his kingdom as a Roman province, handed over his children as hostages and assisted Severus' expedition by providing archers.[36]. [40] One of the two following praefecti was the famous jurist Aemilius Papinianus. The legate of Legio III Augusta Quintus Anicius Faustus had been fighting against the Garamantes along the Limes Tripolitanus for five years, capturing several settlements from the enemy such as Cydamus, Gholaia, Garbia, and their capital Garama – over 600 km south of Leptis Magna.[56].

Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory. The following year he led another, more successful campaign against the Parthian Empire, reportedly in retaliation for the support given to Pescennius Niger. Severus wis born in Leptis Magna in the province o Africae. It appears that the marriage produced no surviving children, despite lasting for more than ten years.

Control of the province was handed over to the Emperor, while the Senate gained temporary control of Sardinia as compensation. Nevertheless, the following year he debased the denarius substantially because of rising military expenditures. However, like Trajan nearly a century before, he was unable to capture the fortress of Hatra even after two lengthy sieges.


Birthplace: Leptis Magna, Provincia Africa Proconsularis, Imperium Romanorum. [63], The Caledonians, short on supplies and feeling their position becoming desperate, revolted later that year along with the Maeatae. [5], After deposing and killing the incumbent emperor Didius Julianus, Severus fought his rival claimants, the generals Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. He spoke the local Punic language fluently, but he was also educated in Latin and Greek, which he spoke with a slight accent. The enemy purposely put sheep and cattle in front of the soldiers for them to seize, in order that they might be lured on still further until they were worn out; for in fact the water caused great suffering to the Romans, and when they became scattered, they would be attacked. An interesting story from around this time is when Severus' wife, Julia Domna, criticised the sexual morals of the Caledonian women, the wife of Caledonian chief Argentocoxos replied: "We fulfill the demands of nature in a much better way than do you Roman women; for we consort openly with the best men, whereas you let yourselves be debauched in secret by the vilest". [30] Having assembled an army, Severus hurried to Italy.

The powerful prefect was executed while he was trying to defend his case in front of the two emperors.

[32], The legions of Syria, however, had proclaimed Pescennius Niger emperor. [17], It is likely that he served as a vigintivir in Rome, overseeing road maintenance in or near the city, and he may have appeared in court as an advocate. In about 175, he married a woman from Leptis Magna named Paccia Marciana. Eager to remarry, he began enquiring into the horoscopes of prospective brides.

In 191 Severus was made governor of Pannonia Superior by Commodus at the advice of Quintus Aemilius Laetus, prefect of the Praetorian Guard. Septimius Severus (; Latin: Lucius Septimius Severus Augustus; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211), also known as Severus, was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. Nevertheless, it appears that Severus' career during the 160s was beset with some difficulties.

"[61], By 210, Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties. [24], Marciana died of natural causes around 186. Plautianus's daughter, Fulvia Plautilla, was married to Severus's son, Caracalla.

[16] Membership of the senatorial order was a prerequisite to attain positions within the cursus honorum, and to gain entry into the Roman Senate. [43] He gave his soldiers a donative of a thousand sesterces (250 denarii) each,[45] and raised the annual wage for a solder in the legions from 300 to 400 denarii.

During this time the province of Numidia was also enlarged: the empire annexed the settlements of Vescera, Castellum Dimmidi, Gemellae, Thabudeos, Thubunae and Zabi. Severus seized power after the death of Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors. Dio Cassius (Xiphilinus) 'Romaika' Epitome of Book LXXVI Chapter 15.

Birthdate: April 11, 145. [27] Domna's older sister was Julia Maesa, later grandmother to the future emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus.

Julianus was condemned to death by the Senate and killed,[31] and Severus took possession of Rome without opposition. Plautianus's excessive power came to an end in 204, when he was denounced by the Emperor's dying brother. [15], Sometime around 162, Septimius Severus set out for Rome seeking a public career.
Nearby legions, such as X Gemina at Vindobona, soon followed. 117. It's members were stripped of their ceremonial armour and forbidden to come within 100 miles of the city on pain of death.

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core.

But as he advanced through the country he experienced countless hardships in cutting down the forests, levelling the heights, filling up the swamps, and bridging the rivers; but he fought no battle and beheld no enemy in battle array.

He was unpopular with them from the outset, having seized power with the help of the military, and he returned the sentiment.


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