Support for the New Yorkers soon arrived as the 29th Pennsylvania, having re-formed from picket duty, took a position on their left. In addition, Colonel Martin Gary's Hampton Legion was ordered to the far Confederate right. One account says Bratton lost 408 men while Law lost only 52. Upon landing, Hazen secured the bridgehead and then positioned a pontoon bridge across the river, allowing Turchin to cross and take position on his right. [9], Hearing the sounds of battle, the XI Corps quickly fell into ranks near Brown's Ferry. fBattle of Wauhatchie - Conflict & Dates: Battle of Wauhatchie - The Confederate Plan: Battle of Wauhatchie - Fighting in the Dark: American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga, American Civil War: Brigadier General Adolph von Steinwehr, American Civil War: Major General William F. "Baldy" Smith, American Civil War: Major General George S. Greene, American Civil War: Battle of Glendale (Frayser's Farm), American Civil War: Battle of Cedar Mountain, American Civil War: Battles of Fort Wagner, American Civil War: Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), American Civil War: Battle of Cedar Creek, The Battle of Atlanta in the American Civil War, American Civil War: Battle of Savage's Station, American Civil War: Battle of Champion Hill, American Civil War: Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, American Civil War: Major General Ambrose Burnside, Brigadier General William F. "Baldy" Smith, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University, CWSAC Battle Summaries: Battle Wauhatchie. There Major General William S. Rosecrans and his command were besieged by General Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee. Drawing in Union troops, this engagement saw the Confederates hold their position on the heights. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience.

Contents[show] Background After their disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga, Union forces under Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans retreated to Chattanooga, Tennessee. In the darkness, the only unit in direct contact with Law was Smith's 700-man brigade. [6] Worse, Geary's division, only 1,500-strong after detaching railroad guards, was posted in isolation. To secure this route, Smith would establish a bridgehead at Brown's Ferry while Hooker moved overland from Bridgeport to the west (Map). Gen. Micah Jenkins's division to mount a night attack on the Union forces. Accidental battle that marked the only Confederate attempt to break Grant's 'Cracker Line' feeding supplies into Chattanooga. The Battle of Wauhatchie was fought October 28–29, 1863, in Hamilton and Marion Counties, Tennessee, and Dade County, Georgia, in the American Civil War. Smith veered to the east and began climbing the hill. Recognizing the threat posed by Union forces in the valley, Bragg directed Longstreet to attack. Reaching Wauhatchie Station on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, Hooker detached Brigadier General John W. Geary's division and proceeded north to encamp at Brown's Ferry. As the battle progressed both battery commander Captain Charles Atwell and Lieutenant Edward Geary, the general's eldest son, fell dead. [8] Geary reported burying 153 Confederates and capturing over one hundred prisoners, so the Confederate losses may have been over 900 men. At Wauhatchie, Geary, concerned about being isolated, posted Knap's Battery on a small knoll and ordered his men to sleep with their weapons at hand. Gen. William B. After their disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga, Union forces under Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans retreated to Chattanooga, Tennessee. While Law took his own and Brig. [11], List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee besieged the city, threatening to starve the Union forces into surrender. [1], Grant and Thomas initiated the "Cracker Line Operation" on October 26, 1863. A Union force had seized Brown's Ferry on the Tennessee River, opening a supply line to the Union army in Chattanooga. Moving out, Jenkins sent the brigades of Brigadier Generals Evander Law and Jerome Robertson to occupy high ground south of Brown's Ferry. [13], Union losses in the battle were 78 killed, 327 wounded, and 15 missing. Wauhatchie was one of the few night battles of the Civil War. Alerted to their arrival, Colonel William B. Oates of the 15th Alabama attempted a counterattack but was unable to dislodge the Union troops. After their disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga, Union forces under Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans retreated to Chattanooga, Tennessee. Bragg's troops occupied Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, both of which had excellent views of the city, the river, and the Union's supply lines. The Confederates reported their losses as 34 killed, 305 wounded, and 69 missing. Gen. Jerome B. Robertson's brigades to block Hooker from reinforcing Geary, Jenkins's own 1,800-man[8] South Carolina brigade, led by Col. John Bratton, would assault Wauhatchie Station.

Wary of troops marching to the aid of the Federal army besieged at Chattanooga, General Braxton Bragg ordered General James Longstreet to take action against the force massing in Lookout Valley. Grant's first priority upon reaching Chattanooga was to resupply the Union army. Korn, Jerry, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. The Confederates had missed their last best chance to prevent supplies from reaching the Union Army of the Cumberland. Though Geary and his officers expected an attack and had thrown out pickets, its suddenness took them by surprise. The autumn of 1863 found Union forces in southern Tennessee in a very difficult position. Wary of troops marching to the aid of the Federal army besieged at Chattanooga, General Braxton Bragg ordered General James Longstreet to take action against the force massing in Lookout Valley. With the situation deteriorating, the Union XI and XII Corps were detached from the Army of the Potomac in Virginia and sent west under the leadership of Major General Joseph Hooker. This page was last edited on 7 August 2020, at 12:56. While the 149th and 78th New Yorks from Brigadier General George S. Greene's brigade took a position along the railroad embankment facing east, Cobham's remaining two regiments, the 111th and 109th Pennsylvanias, extended the line west from the tracks (Map). Confederate troops launched raids on all supply wagons heading toward Chattano… In a rare nighttime attack, a division of Longstreet’s corps attacked the Union rearguard near the crossroads of Wauhatchie. The Battle of Wauhatchie was fought October 28–29, 1863, in Hamilton and Marion counties, Tennessee, and Dade County, Georgia, in the American Civil War. Gen. John B. Turchin and the 2nd under Brig. Several vigorous assaults by Smith were repulsed. He was assigned two infantry brigades from the 3rd Division, XIV Corps, to accomplish this: the 1st Brigade under Brig. Assessing the situation, Grant implemented a plan devised by Brigadier General William F. "Baldy" Smith for reopening a supply line to Chattanooga. This force was tasked with preventing Hooker from marching south to aid Geary. Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr got his division on the road first. To stop this effort, Lt. Gen. James Longstreet launched a rare night attack aimed at a small Union force at Wauhatchie, Tennessee. Gen. John W. Geary's division at Wauhatchie Station, a stop on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, to protect the line of communications to the southwest as well as the road west to Kelley's Ferry. Noting that a wagon train had stopped near Wauhatchie, Longstreet determined to crush Geary's force. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. It was designed to open the road to Chattanooga from Brown's Ferry on the Tennessee River with a simultaneous advance up Lookout Valley, securing the Kelley's Ferry Road. The Battle of Wauhatchie was fought October 28-29, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Following the defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga, the Army of the Cumberland retreated north to Chattanooga. [14] The Union army now had its window to the outside and could receive supplies, weapons, ammunition, and reinforcements via the Cracker Line. Geary's son, an artillery lieutenant, was killed in the battle, dying in his father's arms.

Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant relieved Rosecrans of his command and replaced him with Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas.

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